Jakarta – Anggota Dewan Pakar Brain Society Center (BS Center) Ana Mustamin mengajak semua pihak berpikir secara proporsional, integratif dan holistik dalam menyikapi maraknya Investasi ilegal di dunia digital.
“Menyikapi investasi ilegal, trading binary option, yang menjanjikan keuntungan besar dan membuat banyak pelakunya miskin seketika, kita mesti berpikir secara proporsional, integratif dan holistik,” ujar Ana Mustamin, Rabu (16/3/22).
Lanjut Ana, kasus trading binary option hanyalah sebagian kecil dari banyaknya kasus yang menerpa masyarakat Indonesia.
“Ini hanya salah satu kasus. Sebelumnya masyarakat sudah ribut dengan masalah pinjaman online ilegal, dan entah apa lagi nanti. Semua bermuara pada aktivitas keuangan di dunia digital.”
Menurut pakar bidang komunikasi keuangan ini, selama ini mata selalu tertuju pada Otoritas Jasa Keuangan (OJK) jika terkait dengan penyimpangan atau ketidakberesan dalam bisnis keuangan, termasuk investasi ilegal di dunia online.
“Menurut saya, itu keliru. OJK hanya memiliki otoritas mengawasi bisnis keuangan sepanjang penyelenggara usaha berbadan hukum. Jika ilegal, itu bukan domain OJK, Itu domain aparat penegak hukum. Karena itu pelanggaran hukum, kejahatan. Apa hubungannya dengan OJK?” ungkapnya.
Dia juga mengatakan, masyarakat sering keliru menyikapi hal-hal yang terkait dengan aktivitas yang merugikan di dunia elektronik.
“Mungkin karena cara berpikir kita sudah salah sejak awal. Kita melihat dunia digital itu terpisah dengan dunia nyata. Kita juga salah menamai dunia digital sebagai dunia maya. Padahal itu bukan maya. Maya dalam KBBI itu artinya khayalan, angan-angan, sesuatu yang tampaknya ada, tapi nyatanya tidak ada. Nah, ini ‘kan salah besar. Wong pelaku dunia digital itu jelas-jelas ada kok. Pesan atau konten yang disampaikan juga bukan sesuatu yang maya. Trading binary option itu contohnya. Atau pinjol. Apa duit yang digunakan itu maya?” terangnya.
Dunia digital, menurut Ana, adalah dunia nyata. Pelakunya nyata, bisnisnya nyata. Yang membedakan dengan bisnis konvensional, hanya pada media yang digunakan.
Dia menjelaskan bahwa dunia digital berbasis elektronik, fintech yang mestinya segala aturan yang terkait dengan usaha berbasis sistem elektronik, tetap harus mengacu kepada peraturan yang terkait dengan dunia usaha, ditambah dengan aturan-aturan khusus yang memang khas berlaku di dunia sistem elektronik.
“Kalau dalam sehari-hari kita menyaksikan kamtibmas menutup usaha-usaha liar, kenapa di dunia digital hal yang sama tidak berlaku?” katanya.
Ana melihat, masyarakat dan mungkin termasuk oknum pemerintah, sering memandang UU ITE itu berdiri sendiri.
“Membuat aplikasi, cukup dengan memenuhi persyaratan sistem elektronik yang tercantum di UU ITE. Tapi kemudian regulasi lainnya, seperti yang diterbitkan OJK, dianggap bukan peraturan yang harus dipenuhi. Nah, ini ‘kan kacau. Kalau aplikasi digunakan untuk kepentingan internal sih gak masalah. Tapi jika aplikasi itu digunakan berbisnis, melibatkan pengguna masyarakat luas, menarik dana dari masyarakat; nah itu kan cilaka,” papar Ana.
Karena itu, ia menyarankan kepada pemerintah untuk kembali melihat regulasi, UU dengan segala turunannya yang terkait dengan dunia usaha, dintegrasikan dengan regulasi yang mengatur aktivitas masyarakat yang berbasis elektronik.
Lebih jauh dia mengatakan bahwa dalam peraturan OJK, penyelenggara jasa keuangan itu harus berbadan hukum.
Sehingga kata dia, jenis usaha yang bisa melakukan usaha pinjam-meminjam itu antara lain bank, lembaga penjaminan, dan sejenisnya.
“Nah, pinjol itu menginduk ke mana? Kan harusnya ijin pinjaman online itu diberikan ke bank atau lembaga sejenis, bukan ke mereka yang sekadar hanya punya modal duit dan bikin aplikasi. Termasuk trading binary option tadi. Kan harusnya aplikasi itu dimiliki perusahaan sekuritas dan diawasi komisioner OJK yang membawahi pasar modal. Di luar itu, ya harus dibasmi pemerintah, meskipun aplikasi itu sudah memenuhi ketentutan UU ITE. Karena hitungannya ‘kan tetap usaha ilegal jika tanpa ijin badan usaha sesuai dengan karakteristik usahanya.” jelas Ana.
Kalau aplikasi-aplikasi yang menarik uang dari masyarakat dibiarkan tetap beroperasi hanya karena aplikasi tersebut sudah memenuhi ketentutan sistem elektronik, baik nasional maupun internasional, menurut dia, akan terus bermunculan aplikasi baru yang ujung-ujungnya merugikan masyarakat.
“Kita ini ‘kan kreatif sekaligus ‘amnesia. Hari ini mungkin ada aplikasi yang ditinggalkan masyarakat karena sudah merugikan banyak orang. Besok, dengan sedikit inovasi, akan muncul aplikasi baru yang sejenis. Dan masyarakat tergiur dan terperosok lagi. Lalu, di mana peran pemerintah melindungi masyarakat?” ujarnya.
Kejahatan di dunia digital, menurut Ana, adalah kejahatan yang sama dalam dunia nyata. Acuannya tetap KUH Perdata dan Pidana.
“Belum semua kejahatan di dunia digital diatur dalam UU ITE. Dan memang, menurut tidak perlu diatur di situ, kecuali yang memang khas sistem elektronik. Pasal pencurian (tak terkecuali pencurian data), penghinaan, asusila, usaha ilegal, dan seterusnya, semua sudah diatur dalam KUH Pidana dan Perdata. Tidak perlu diatur dalam UU ITE,” jels Ana.
Jika kejahatan-kejahatan itu terjadi di dunia digital, tambah dia, itu bukan pengecualian karena kejahatan tetap kejahatan, mau di dunia nyata atau di dunia digital sama saja.
“Sekali lagi, berpikirnya harus proporsional, integratif, dan holistik. Sejatinya, tidak ada hal-hal baru di muka dunia ini jika terkait dengan kebaikan dan kejahatan. Yang baru hanya caranya, substansi kebaikan atau kejahatannya tetap sama,” pungkas Ana.
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